Datasets

× The dataset consists of the replication files from the analysis of the empowerment impact of the Agriculture, Gender, and Nutrition Linkages (ANGeL) project in Bangladesh. ANGeL was a cluster-randomized controlled trial implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Bangladesh, with IFPRI as its evaluation partner. ANGeL aimed to assess interventions that can leverage agricultural growth to increase farm household incomes, improve nutrition, and enhance women’s empowerment in Bangladesh. There were three types of interventions: (1 ) Agriculture Production: Facilitating the production of the high-value food commodities that are rich in essential nutrients; (2) Nutrition Knowledge: Conducting high-quality behavior change communication (BCC) to improve the nutrition knowledge of women and men; (3) Gender Sensitization: Undertaking gender sensitization activities that lead to the improvement in the status/empowerment of women and gender parity between women and men. We implemented a clustered randomized controlled trial with the following arms: T-A: Agricultural Production training; T-N: Nutrition Behavior Change Communication (BCC); T-AN: Agricultural Production training and Nutrition BCC; T-ANG: Agricultural Production training, Nutrition BCC, and Gender Sensitization; and C: Control. Details on sampling can be found in Quisumbing et al. (2021) [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105622].
Baseline data were collected between November 2015 and January 2016. Endline data were collected between January and March 2018. In each household, both the primary female beneficiary and primary male beneficiary were interviewed. Although the male and female beneficiaries were interviewed separately, some modules were answered by only the male (e.g., household demographics, assets and wealth, agricultural production, non-food consumption, and expenditures), some were answered by only the female (e.g., food consumption and food security indicators, dietary data, anthropometry, women’s status and decision-making autonomy, the experience of IPV), and some were answered separately by each (e.g., data needed to construct the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), gender attitudes, time preferences, agency). Several modules related to empowerment, gender attitudes, IPV, and experience with the program were administered only at endline. In the case of empowerment, the pro-WEAI (Malapit et al. 2019) [https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12374] was administered at endline but was not available at baseline as it was still under development; instead, at baseline, the abbreviated WEAI (A-WEAI, see Malapit et al. 2017) [http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/131231] was fielded. Questions on gender attitudes and IPV were motivated in part by the Nurturing Connections curriculum, which was made available after baseline, thus were included only at endline.

× The Feed the Future Phase One Zone of Influence (ZOI) Endline Survey was implemented by IFPRI through Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) 2018-2019. Data collection in the Feed the Future ZOI stratum took place in 20 districts in southern Bangladesh, which is divided between three divisions—that is, Barishal, Khulna, and part of the Dhaka Division—from November 2018 to February 2019. The endline survey followed the same households as the baseline, making the baseline Feed the Future ZOI Survey data directly comparable to the endline Feed the Future ZOI Survey data. Therefore, the panel format of the dataset means the economic progress of these households between 2011/2012 and 2018/2019 can be assessed. The total number of households included in Feed the Future ZOI is 2064 and is representative of Feed the Future ZOI.

× The purpose of the US Global Food Security Strategy (GFSS) 2018/2019 baseline survey in Bangladesh is to provide the U.S. Government interagency partners, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau for Resilience and Food Security (RFS), USAID/Bangladesh, the Government of Bangladesh, and development partners with information on the current status of the Feed the Future Zone of Influence (ZOI)-level population-based survey indicators. The survey is designed to establish the current status of Feed the Future indicators in the ZOI for the second phase of Feed the Future, also known as GFSS. For more information on the US GFSS Bangladesh Country Plan, please visit this link.
Upon request from USAID, IFPRI designed and conducted the US Global Food Security Strategy (GFSS) 2018/2019 baseline survey, which was implemented in the field from November 11, 2018 to February 6, 2019.
The GFSS 2018/2019 baseline survey covers mostly rural areas in the south and southwest region of the country. In addition to the 20 districts in three divisions that create the Feed the Future sample, the GFSS sample added Kushtia district in Khulna division based on its poverty and stunting trends. The 21 districts making up the GFSS are listed below:
1. Barishal division (six districts): Barguna, Barishal, Bhola, Jhalakati, Patuakhali, and Pirojpur;
2. Dhaka division (five districts): Faridpur, Gopalganj, Madaripur, Rajbari, and Shariatpur; and
3. Khulna division (10 districts): Bagerhat, Chuadanga, Jashore, Jhenaidah, Khulna, Kushtia, Magura, Meherpur, Narail, and Satkhira.
The GFSS sample includes 2,525 households in 125 primary sampling units (that is, villages). The GFSS sample design followed a stratified sampling in two stages: (1) randomly selected 125 PSUs (villages) with probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling using the number of households in each village as the size, and (2) after a complete census in each of the selected villages was conducted, randomly selected 20 households per PSU from the census list—using the sampling frame developed from the community series of the 2001 population census of Bangladesh.

× Funded under the Feed the Future (FTF) Initiative, the Bangladesh Agricultural Value Chains (AVC) project was implemented by Development Alternatives International (DAI) and strove to improve food and nutrition security through strengthened agricultural value chains.

This dataset contains data from the final round of household survey interviews from the Impact Evaluation associated with the Bangladesh AVC project, which covered producer and input retailer households for two value chains. The sample is divided into five groups. Groups 1 through 3 refer to interviews along the jute value chain, while groups 4 and 5 refer to interviews along the mung bean value chain. Group 1 households are jute farmer households interviewed in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Group 2 households are jute farmer households interviewed in 2017 and 2018 (after expanding the original sample). Group 3 households are jute input retailers interviewed in 2017 and 2018. Group 4 households are mung bean farmer households interviewed in 2018. Group 5 households are mung bean input retailers interviewed in 2018.

Households completed two interview forms. A household-level form was administered to all households and included questions on household characteristics, agricultural production, and input purchases (or sales). An individual-level form was administered to male and female respondents, and included questions on household demographics and consumption. Group 2 households also completed a series of modules as part of the Project-Level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (Pro-WEAI).

× This is the third round of the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS). BIHS is the only nationally representative survey in Bangladesh that collects detailed data on (1) plot-level agricultural production and practices, (2) dietary intake of individual household members, (3) anthropometric measurements (height and weight) of all household members, and (4) data to measure women’s empowerment in agriculture index (WEAI). A community survey supplements the BIHS data to provide information on area-specific contextual factors. The BIHS covers 5604 households in 325 primary sampling units. The sample is statistically representative at the following levels: (a) nationally representative of rural Bangladesh; and (b) representative of rural areas of each of the seven administrative divisions of the country: Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Sylhet.

× These files comprise dataset and do-files for reproducing results presented in the article, "Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women's Empowerment" (Kosec, Mo, Schmidt, and Song, 2021). The dataset "Data_PNG_all_tables" is constructed from the Papua New Guinea Household Survey on Food Systems, 2018. A detailed description of each variable in this dataset is included in section 4 of the article. The sampling procedure employed and the raw data are described in the publication "Papua New Guinea Survey Report: Rural Household Survey on Food Systems" (Schmidt et al., 2019).

× The project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI) is a survey-based index designed for use by agriculture development projects to measure project impacts on women’s empowerment, diagnose areas of women’s disempowerment, and inform strategies to address deficiencies in specific settings. Pro-WEAI was developed jointly by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), and 13 agricultural development projects in Africa and South Asia as part of the Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project, Phase 2 (GAAP2). Pro-WEAI is an adaptation of the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), originally developed in 2012 by IFPRI, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and OPHI. This data package contains baseline data from five GAAP2 projects and Stata .do files necessary for replicating the results of Malapit et al. (2019). The data include all items needed to calculate pro-WEAI, as well as the basic demographic information (gender and household type) used in the analysis.

× Bangladesh that collects detailed data on (1) plot-level agricultural production and practices, (2) dietary intake of individual household members, (3) anthropometric measurements (height and weight) of all household members, and (4) data to measure women’s empowerment in agriculture index (WEAI). A community survey supplements the BIHS data to provide information on area-specific contextual factors. The BIHS covers 6500 households in 325 primary sampling units. The sample is statistically representative at following levels: (a) nationally representative of rural Bangladesh; (b) representative of rural areas of each of the seven administrative divisions of the country: Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Sylhet; and (c) representative of the Feed the Future (FTF) zone of influence.

The first round of survey can be accessed at http://hdl.handle.net/1902.1/21266.

× The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) is a composite measurement tool that indicates women’s control over critical parts of their lives in the household, community, and economy. It allows us to identify women who are disempowered and understand how to increase autonomy and decisionmaking in key domains. The WEAI is also a useful tool for tracking progress toward gender equality, which is one of the Millennium Development Goals.

The WEAI measures the empowerment, agenc y, and inclusion of women in the agriculture sector in an effort to identify ways to overcome those obstacles and constraints. The Index is a significant innovation in its field and aims to increase understanding of the connections between women’s empowerment, food security, and agricultural growth.

The Uganda pilot covered five spatially dispersed rural districts in the northern region (Amuru and Kole), central region (Luwero and Masaka), and eastern region (Iganga).

The second pilot was conducted to develop and test a revised version of WEAI in the same districts as the original pilot. Sample villages were randomly assigned to receive either the original (1.1) or revised (2.0) versions of the questionnaire.

× The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) is a composite measurement tool that indicates women’s control over critical parts of their lives in the household, community, and economy. It allows us to identify women who are disempowered and understand how to increase autonomy and decisionmaking in key domains. The WEAI is also a useful tool for tracking progress toward gender equality, which is one of the Millennium Development Goals. The WEAI measures the empowerment, agency, and inclusion of women in the agriculture sector in an effort to identify ways to overcome those obstacles and constraints. The Index is a significant innovation in its field and aims to increase understanding of the connections between women’s empowerment, food security, and agricultural growth. The Uganda pilot covered five spatially dispersed rural districts in the northern region (Amuru and Kole), central region (Luwero and Masaka), and eastern region (Iganga). The second pilot was conducted to develop and test a revised version of WEAI in the same districts as the original pilot. Sample villages were randomly assigned to receive either the original (1.1) or revised (2.0) versions of the questionnaire.

× The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) is a composite measurement tool that indicates women’s control over critical parts of their lives in the household, community, and economy. It allows us to identify women who are disempowered and understand how to increase autonomy and decisionmaking in key domains. The WEAI is also a useful tool for tracking progress toward gender equality, which is one of the Millennium Development Goals.

The WEAI measures the empowerment, agency, and inclusion of women in the agriculture sector in an effort to identify ways to overcome those obstacles and constraints. The Index is a significant innovation in its field and aims to increase understanding of the connections between women’s empowerment, food security, and agricultural growth.

The Uganda pilot covered five spatially dispersed rural districts in the northern region (Amuru and Kole), central region (Luwero and Masaka), and eastern region (Iganga).

× The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) is a composite measurement tool that indicates women’s control over critical parts of their lives in the household, community, and economy. It allows us to identify women who are disempowered and understand how to increase autonomy and decisionmaking in key domains. The WEAI is also a useful tool for tracking progress toward gender equality, which is one of the Millennium Development Goals.

The WEAI measures the empowerment, agency, and inclusion of women in the agriculture sector in an effort to identify ways to overcome those obstacles and constraints. The Index is a significant innovation in its field and aims to increase understanding of the connections between women’s empowerment, food security, and agricultural growth.

The Guatemala pilot was conducted in the country’s Western Highlands, in the departamentos (departments) of El Quiché, Huehuetenango, Quetzaltengo, San Marcos, and Totonicapán—areas with a high concentration of indigenous populations.